Figure 21. Ntuple Window
Whenever an Ntuple is selected from the Main Window, an Ntuple window pops up that allows you to specify the variables to plot and the type of plot desired. The name of the Ntuple appears as the window title so that you can readily identify the Ntuple Window of one data item from another.
First, select the type of plot you want from the Plot Type pull-down menu:
Figure 22. Plot Type Pull-Down Menu
Then, select variables from the Variables list box at left and assign the selected variable to the desired plot position by pressing the corresponding Assign push-button. Double clicking on a variable name will assign the variable to the next vacant assignment position. To de-assign a variable, click on "<Clear Entry>" and then click on the assignment position you'd like to clear. How each variable is used in the plot depends on the plot type and the assignment position:
Prefix UseUp to seventeen variables can be assigned for certain plot types. To expose additional plot assignments, drag the bottom frame of the Ntuple window downward with the mouse. The window will grow downward as you pull.V Variable
X Variable plotted against X axis
Y Variable plotted against Y axis
Z Variable plotted against Z axis
S Variable not plotted, but used as a slider variable to see
"cuts" of data
E+ Variable used as error values (+) for preceeding variable
E- Variable used as error values (-) for preceeding variable
V+ Variable used as vertical error values (+) for preceeding
variable (XY Plot only)
V- Variable used as vertical error values (-) for preceeding
variable (XY Plot only)
H+ Variable used as horizontal error values (+) for preceeding
variable (XY Plot only)
H- Variable used as horizontal error values (-) for preceeding
variable (XY Plot only)
If only positive
In addition to the variables that are part of the Ntuple, you can use the Create Variable button to derive additional variables and constants for plotting. This will pop up a window that allows you to enter the information for the created variable (see below). Once you have created a variable, selecting it in the Variables list and pressing Modify Variable will pop up a window for making changes.
When all the settings in the window are to your liking, press the Plot button for the chosen plot or histogram to be displayed.
Many plots can be requested from the same Ntuple Window. To request another plot, select the Ntuple window and repeat the above procedure.
The Dismiss button will dismiss only the Ntuple window. Plots and histograms currently displayed will remain open until explicitly closed or until Histo-Scope exits.
Use the Create Variable button to derive additional variables and constants for plotting. This will pop up a window that allows you to enter the name and expression for the created variable.
Figure 23. XY Scatter Plot
To create a derived variable, fill in the Variable Name and Expression fields in this dialog and press Create.
The variable name can be any arbitrary character string, although strings without spaces or punctuation are easier to use in expressions.
The expression should be a Fortran or C style arithmetic expression. Valid operators are: +, -, /, *, ^ (or **). There are also a number of built-in single-argument functions and constants. These can be pasted into the expression at the current text cursor position by clicking on the Paste Function or Paste Constant menus and selecting the expression or constant to insert. Variable names can similarly be pasted into the expression area by clicking on the Paste Variable menu. When typing variables that contain spaces or punctuation, or variables that start with a number, the variable name should be surrounded in double quotes ("). Multi-line expressions with temporary variable assignments are also allowed, for example:
a = sqrt(X) + 2*Y b = Z**2 / (4*X) a**2 +b*a**3The value of the last line of the expression is taken as the value of the created variable.
Once the variable is created, it can be modified or deleted using the same window. If you dismiss the window oe lose it under other windows on your screen, you can pop it up againby selecting the variable in the Ntuple Window and pressing Modify Variable .
A Time Series plot will plot the value of a variable from your Ntuple in the sequence in which that variable was collected. Thus, the x-axis values start at zero and increase to the number of occurrences in the Ntuple. The value of the Ntuple variable is plotted along the y-axis of the plot.
Up to eighteen variables can be plotted in one window. To reveal additional assignment buttons, use the mouse to grab the bottom frame of the Ntuple Window and pull downward. The window will grow as you move the mouse pointer downward.
Figure 24. Time Series Plot
If only one variable is plotted, its name appears at the top of the y-axis. If more than one variable is plotted, a legend of variable names appears at the bottom of the plot.
Initially, the entire range of the plot is displayed. You can change the size of the plot by changing the size of its window (by dragging on the window frame). You can change the scale of the plot by using the mouse to drag a part of an axis (just outside of the plot) toward one direction or another. Use a point near the upper half of the axis to change the maximum axis value. Use an axis point near the lower half of the axis to change the minimum axis value. This will zoom in or out, depending on the direction you drag that axis point.
Figure 25. Interacting with Time Series Plots
Once you have scaled a plot, it is possible to grab a point inside the plot and pan the plot, moving it around inside the axes.
Histo-Scope allows Time Series plots to be overlaid by other one-dimensional plots such as 1-D histograms, adaptive 1-D histograms, XY Plots, and other Time Series Plots. Up to ten plots can be overlaid in one window. To insert a plot on top of a Time Series plot, use the middle mouse button to drag a plot onto the Time Series plot window (To drag the plot, press the middle mouse button while the pointer is over the plot area of the desired plot, and, while holding the mouse button down, move the mouse pointer over to the receiving time series plot, and then release the middle mouse button. When you press the middle mouse button, the pointer changes to indicate that your are initiating a drag.) If the drag succeeds, you will see both plots overlaid in the receiving window (the source plot remains unchanged). If the drag does not succeed, you will see the drag icon move back to the source plot when you release the middle mouse button.
You can use the right mouse button on a selected plot window to pop-up a menu which allows the following functions:
(Accelerator Key):See the section Adjusting Plot Settings in this guide for a detailed explanation of each of these settings.Help
Show Statistics (Ctrl T)
Set Mark & Line Style... (Ctrl M)
Show Legend (Ctrl G)
Axis Settings... (Ctrl A)
Zoom In (Ctrl Z)
Zoom Out (Shift Ctrl Z)
Reset View (Ctrl R)
Automatic Update
Update (Ctrl U)
Grow Only (Ctrl O)
Print... (Ctrl P)
Generate PostScript... (Ctrl F)
Change Window Title (Ctrl E)
Close (Ctrl W)
An XY Plot plots pairs of points in two dimensions. The points are taken in sequence from the Ntuple and are initially drawn with lines connecting the points and no markers. The XY Plot can also be used as an alternative to the Scatter Plot. In this case, use the Set Mark and Line Style plot adjustment to turn on markers and turn off connecting lines. (When the number of points is small, the marks drawn by the XY Plot are much more visible than the pixel-sized dots drawn by the Scatter Plot.) The XY Plot can also plot multiple sets of variable X-Y pairs from the Ntuple, distinguish them with different marker styles, and draw both horizontal and vertical error bars. Up to nine X-Y pairs can be plotted in one window. To reveal additional assignment buttons, use the mouse to grab the bottom frame of the Ntuple Window and pull downward. The window will grow as you move the mouse pointer downward.
Figure 26. Sorted XY Plot
Since the points in an XY Plot are not sorted the initial appearance of the plot may include lines which loop back on themselves. Another type of XY Plot is the Sorted XY Plot. In a Sorted XY Plot, the x-axis variable is sorted in order of increasing value and each succeeding variable is plotted along the y-axis against the first (sorted) variable. This can often be a better way to observe how y varies with x. A Sorted XY Plot can display up to seventeen Y-variables in one window. If only one Y-variable is plotted, its name appears at the top of the y-axis. If more than one is plotted, a legend of variable names appears at the bottom of the plot.
Both types of XY Plots allow you to specify variables as error values. An XY Plot w/Errors can plot up to three X-Y pairs with their corresponding vertical and horizontal errors. A Sorted XY Plot w/Errors can plot up to five Y-variables and their corresponding (vertical) errors. (To expose hidden plot variable assignments, drag the bottom frame of the Ntuple window downward with the mouse. The window will grow downward as you pull.)
Initially, the entire range of the plot is displayed. You can change the size of the plot by changing the size of its window (by dragging on the window frame). You can change the scale of the plot by using the mouse to drag a part of an axis (just outside of the plot) toward one direction or another. Use a point near the upper half of the axis to change the maximum axis value. Use an axis point near the lower half of the axis to change the minimum axis value. This will zoom in or out, depending on the direction you drag that axis point.
Figure 27. Interacting with XY Plots
Once you have scaled a plot, it is possible to grab a point inside the plot and pan the plot, moving it around inside the axes.
Histo-Scope allows XY plots to be overlaid by other one-dimensional plots such as 1-D histograms, 1-D adaptive histograms, Time Series Plots, and other XY plots. Up to ten plots can be overlaid in one window. To insert a plot on top of an XY plot, use the middle mouse button to drag another plot onto the XY plot window (To drag the plot, press the middle mouse button while the pointer is over the plot area of the desired plot, and, while holding the mouse button down, move the mouse pointer over to the receiving XY plot, and then release the middle mouse button. When you press the middle mouse button, the pointer changes to indicate that your are initiating a drag.) If the drag succeeds, you will see both plots overlaid in the receiving window (the source plot remains unchanged). If the drag does not succeed, you will see the drag icon move back to the source plot when you release the middle mouse button.
You can use the right mouse button on a selected plot window to pop-up a menu which allows the following functions:
(Accelerator Key):See the section Adjusting Plot Settings in this guide for a detailed explanation of each of these settings.Help
Show Statistics (Ctrl T)
Set Mark & Line Style... (Ctrl M)
Show Legend (Ctrl G)
Axis Settings... (Ctrl A)
Zoom In (Ctrl Z)
Zoom Out (Shift Ctrl Z)
Reset View (Ctrl R)
Automatic Update
Update (Ctrl U)
Grow Only (Ctrl O)
Print... (Ctrl P)
Generate PostScript... (Ctrl F)
Change Window Title (Ctrl E)
Close (Ctrl W)
Figure 28. XY Scatter Plot
An XY Scatter Plot will plot two variables against each other using a dot for each plotted point. This kind of plot is useful when there are enough data points to be seen and their values form some visual pattern. A plot adjustment for the Scatter Plot can make the pixel sizes dots "darker" or "lighter" to optimize the data display. (For sparse data that may not show well as a Scatter Plot, try using an XY Plot with markers and turn off the connecting lines.)
In addition to the variables plotted along the x- and y-axis, up to three additional variables can be selected to adjust the plot as animation slider variables.
Initially, the entire range (excluding overflows) of the plot is displayed. You can change the size of the plot by changing the size of its window (by dragging on the window frame). You can change the scale of the plot by using the mouse to drag a part of an axis (just outside of the plot) toward one direction or another. Use a point near the upper half of the axis to change the maximum axis value. Use an axis point near the lower half of the axis to change the minimum axis value. This will zoom in or out, depending on the direction you drag that axis point.
Figure 29. Interacting with 2D Scatter Plots
Once you have scaled a plot, it is possible to grab a point inside the plot and pan the plot, moving it around inside the axes.
You can use the right mouse button on a selected plot window to pop-up a menu which allows the following functions:
(Accelerator Key):See the section Adjusting Plot Settings in this guide for a detailed explanation of each of these settings.Help
Show Statistics (Ctrl T)
Show Slider (Ctrl G)
Axis Settings... (Ctrl A)
Zoom In (Ctrl Z)
Zoom Out (Shift Ctrl Z)
Reset View (Ctrl R)
Thicken Points Automatic Update
Update (Ctrl U)
Grow Only (Ctrl O)
Print... (Ctrl P)
Generate PostScript... (Ctrl F)
Close (Ctrl W)
Figure 30. XYZ Scatter Plot
An XYZ Scatter Plot plots three variables against each other using a dot for each plotted point. This kind of plot is useful when there are enough data points to be seen and their values form some visual pattern. Plotted dots can be thickened or lightened by selecting Thicken Points from the plot settings menu. In addition to the variables plotted along the x- and y-axis, additional variables can be selected for animation sliders.
Initially, the entire range of the Ntuple data is displayed. You can change the size of the plot by changing the size of its window. Just drag on the window frame to make the window the size you desire.
To rotate the plot, use the mouse to drag inside of the boundaries of the cube frame. Dragging outside of the cube frame rotates the plot about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the window.
You can change the scale of the plot by dragging on the axis tics (just outside of the plot) toward one direction or another. Use a point near the upper half of the axis to change the maximum axis value. Use a point near the lower half of the axis to change the minimum axis value. This will zoom in or out, depending on the direction you drag that axis point.
Figure 31. Interacting with 3D Scatter Plots
Once you have scaled the plot, it is possible to grab points inside the axis lines and pan the plot, moving it around inside the axes.
Using the Ctrl key along with the mouse button for scaling, panning, and rotation functions will provide a continuous display of the XYZ Scatter plot. Without using the Ctrl key, only the axes and labels are displayed while you are adjusting the plot. (This is the default mode to accomodate slow displays).
You can use the right mouse button on a selected plot window to pop-up a menu which allows the following functions:
(Accelerator Key):See the section Adjusting Plot Settings in this guide for a detailed explanation of each of these settings.Help
Show Statistics (Ctrl T)
Show Slider (Ctrl G)
Axis Settings... (Ctrl A)
Zoom In (Ctrl Z)
Zoom Out (Shift Ctrl Z)
Reset View (Ctrl R)
Thicken Points Automatic Update
Update (Ctrl U)
Grow Only (Ctrl O)
Print... (Ctrl P)
Generate PostScript... (Ctrl F)
Close (Ctrl W)
Figure 32. Adaptive Histogram
A 1-dimensional histogram is a plot of one variable over a pre-specified range divided into a number of bins. An adaptive histogram is a histogram whose bins, rather than being spaced evenly, are partitioned according to the density of the data. A threshold value determines the number of fills at which a single bin is divided into additional bins. Thus, the resolution of an adaptive histogram is highest where the data is densest, and lowest where the data is sparse.
Histo-Scope provides two adaptive histogram binning strategies: Split in Half, and Center of Gravity. The split in half strategy simply divides the bins into two equal parts when the threshold number of fills is reached. The center of gravity strategy starts with the whole data set and begins splitting the bins at their median value until the bins all contain less than the threshold number of fills. (Because there is also a limit on the number of splits (20), bins can actually have more than the threshold number of fills, but these bins will already be imperceptibly narrow except at very high magnifications.)
Initially, the entire range (excluding overflows) of a histogram is displayed. You can change the size of the plot by changing the size of its window. Just drag on the window frame to make the window the size you desire.
Figure 33. Interacting with Adaptive Histogram Plots
You can change the scale of the plot by using the mouse to drag a part of an axis (just outside of the plot) toward one direction or another. Use a point near the upper half of the axis to change the maximum axis value. Use a point near the lower half of the axis to change the minimum axis value. This will zoom in or out, depending on the direction you drag that axis point.
Once you have scaled the plot, it is possible to grab a point inside the
plot and pan the plot, moving it around inside the axes.
Histo-Scope allows Adaptive Histogram plots to be overlaid by other one-dimensional plots such as 1-D histograms, XY Plots, Time Series Plots and otherAdaptive Histogram Plots. Up to ten plots can be overlaid in one window. To insert a plot on top of a Time Series plot, use the middle mouse button to drag a plot onto the Time Series plot window (To drag the plot, press the middle mouse button while the pointer is over the plot area of the desired plot, and, while holding the mouse button down, move the mouse pointer over to the receiving time series plot, and then release the middle mouse button. When you press the middle mouse button, the pointer changes to indicate that your are initiating a drag.) If the drag succeeds, you will see both plots overlaid in the receiving window (the source plot remains unchanged). If the drag does not succeed, you will see the drag icon move back to the source plot when you release the middle mouse button.
You can also use the right mouse button to pop-up a menu which allows the following functions:
(Accelerator Key):See the section Adjusting Plot Settings in this guide for a detailed explanation of each of these settings.Help
Show Statistics (Ctrl T)
Show Slider (Ctrl G)
Show Bin Limit Sliders (Ctrl R)
Axis Settings... (Ctrl A)
Zoom In (Ctrl Z)
Zoom Out (Shift Ctrl Z)
Reset View (Ctrl R)
Split in Half Stategy Center of Grav. Strategy Automatic Update
Update (Ctrl U)
Grow Only (Ctrl O)
Print... (Ctrl P)
Generate PostScript... (Ctrl F)
Close (Ctrl W)
A 2-dimensional histogram is a plot of two variables, where each axis is divided into a number of bins. An adaptive histogram is a histogram whose bins, rather than being spaced evenly, are partitioned according to the density of the data. A threshold value determines the number of fills at which a single bin is divided into additional bins. Thus, the resolution of an adaptive histogram is highest where the data is densest, and lowest where the data is sparse.
Figure 34. Adaptive 2-D Histogram
Figure 35. Interacting with 2D Histograms
Histo-Scope provides two adaptive histogram binning strategies: Split in Half, and Center of Gravity. The split in half strategy simply divides the bins into two equal parts when the threshold number of fills is reached. The center of gravity strategy starts with the whole data set and begins splitting the bins at their median value until the bins all contain less than the threshold number of fills. (Because there is also a limit on the number of splits (20), bins can actually have more than the threshold number of fills, but these bins will already be imperceptibly narrow except at very high magnifications)
Initially, the entire range of the data is displayed.
You can change the size of the plot by changing the size of its window. Just drag on the window frame to make the window the size you desire.
You can change the scale of the plot by using the mouse to drag a part of an axis (just outside of the plot) toward one direction or another. Use a point near the upper half of the axis to change the maximum axis value. Use a point near the lower half of the axis to change the minimum axis value. This will zoom in or out, depending on the direction you drag that axis point.
Once you have scaled the plot on an axis, it is possible to grab a point just inside of the axis and pan the plot so that it moves along the axis.
The orientation of the histogram can be changed by grabbing a part of the display (away from an axis) with the mouse and moving the display in space to a different orientation.
You can also use the right mouse button to pop-up a menu which allows the following functions:
(Accelerator Key):See the section Adjusting Plot Settings in this guide for a detailed explanation of each of these settings.Help
Show Statistics (Ctrl T)
Show Slider (Ctrl G)
Show Bin Limit Sliders (Ctrl R)
Axis Settings... (Ctrl A)
Zoom In (Ctrl Z)
Zoom Out (Shift Ctrl Z)
Reset View (Ctrl R)
Split in Half Stategy Center of Grav. Strategy Automatic Update
Update (Ctrl U)
Grow Only (Ctrl O)
Print... (Ctrl P)
Generate PostScript... (Ctrl F)
Close (Ctrl W)
Figure 36. 2-D Cell Plot
A two-dimensional cell plot is a flat representation of a two-dimensional histogram, with bin contents represented by the size of a shaded rectangle drawn on the center of the bin. If the source of the data is an n-tuple, additional variables can be selected for animation sliders.
Initially, the entire range of the data is displayed. You can change the size of the plot by changing the size of its window. Just drag on the window frame to make the window the size you desire.
You can change the scale of the plot by using the mouse to drag a part of an axis (just outside of the plot) toward one direction or another. Use a point near the upper half of the axis to change the maximum axis value. Use a point near the lower half of the axis to change the minimum axis value. This will zoom in or out, depending on the direction you drag that axis point.
Once you have scaled the plot on an axis, it is possible to grab a point just inside of the axis and pan the plot so that it moves along the axis.
Figure 37. Interacting with 2D Cell Plots
You can also use the right mouse button to pop-up a menu which allows the following functions:
(Accelerator Key):A Normalization Slider can be selected from the Plot Settings menu which will adjust the cell size in relation to the bin value of the cell. See the section Adjusting Plot Settings in this guide for a detailed explanation of the Normalization Slider and each of the other plot settings.Help
Show Statistics (Ctrl T)
Show Slider (Ctrl G)
Show Rebin Sliders (Ctrl R)
Show Normalization Sliders (Ctrl N)
Other Views Axis Settings... (Ctrl A)
Zoom In (Ctrl Z)
Zoom Out (Shift Ctrl Z)
Reset View (Ctrl R)
Automatic Update
Update (Ctrl U)
Grow Only (Ctrl O)
Print... (Ctrl P)
Generate PostScript... (Ctrl F)
Change Window Title (Ctrl E)
Close (Ctrl W)